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Stunning Literacy Statistics


Children who are read to frequently are nearly twice as likely as other children to show three or more skills associated with emerging literacy.[1]


Children who were read to at least three times a week by a family member were almost twice as likely to score in the top 25% in reading than children who were read to less than 3 times a week.[2]


62% of parents with a high socioeconomic status read to their children every day, compared to 36% of parents with a low socioeconomic status.[3]


87% of students who reported reading for fun on their own time once a month or more performed at the Proficient level, while students who never or hardly ever read for fun performed at the Basic level. Students who read for fun every day scored the highest.[4]


Out-of-school reading habits of students has shown that even 15 minutes a day of independent reading can expose students to more than a million words of text in a year.[5]


Children growing up in homes with many books get 3 years more schooling than children from bookless homes, independent of their parents' education, occupation and class.[6]


The only behavior measure that correlates significantly with reading scores is the number of books in the home.[7]


An analysis of a national data set of 100,000 U.S. school children found that access to printed materials - and not poverty - is the critical variable affecting reading acquisition.[8]


Even children’s books have more varying and unusual words than prime time TV or children’s TV.  Also, rarity and variety of words in children’s books is greater than that in adult conversation.[9]


Students who report having all four types of reading materials (books, magazines, newspapers, encyclopedias) in their home scored, on average, higher than those who report having fewer reading materials.[10]


When children have more access to books and other print materials, they develop more positive attitudes towards reading and learning.[11]


61 percent of low-income families have no books at all in their homes for their children.[12]


80% of pre-school and after-school programs serving low-income populations have no age-appropriate books for their children.[13]


In middle-income neighborhoods the ratio of age-appropriate books per child is 13 to 1 (13 books for every 1 child).  In low-income neighborhoods the ratio is 1 to 300 (1 book for every 300 children).[14] 


The educational careers of 25 to 40 percent of American children are imperiled because they don’t read quickly enough, or easily enough.[15]


It is estimated that the cost of illiteracy to business and the taxpayer is $20 billion per year.[16]


According to the National Academy on an Aging Society, 73 billion dollars is the estimated annual cost of low literacy skills in the form of longer hospital stays, emergency room visits, more doctor visits, and increased medication.[17]



[1] Nord, C.W., Lennon, J., Liu, B., and Chandler, K. (1999). Home literacy activities and signs of children’s emerging literacy

[2] Denton, Kristen and Gerry West, Children's Reading and Mathematics Achievement in Kindergarten and First Grade, 2002

[3] Coley, Richard J., An Uneven Start: Indicators of Inequality in School Readiness, 2002

[4] National Assessment of Educational Progress, 2000

[5] Anderson, Wilson, & Fielding, Growth in Reading and How Children Spend Their Time Outside of School, 1988

[6] Evans, M.D.R., Kelley, J., Sikora, J., & Treiman, D.J. (2010). Family scholarly culture and educational success: books and schooling in 27 nations. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 28(2), 171-197.
[7] and [8] Jeff McQuillan
, The Literacy Crisis: False Claims, Real Solutions, 1998

[9] Hayes & Ahrens (1988), cited in Cunningham & Stanovich, 1988, What Reading Does for the Mind, American Educator

[10] The Nation's Report Card: Fourth-Grade Reading 2000, April 2001, The National Center for Education Statistics

[11] Lindsay, Jim.  Children's Access to Print Material and Education-Related Outcomes.  August 2010.

[12] Reading Literacy in the United States, 1996

[13] Neuman, Susan B., et al.  Access for All: Closing the Book Gap for Children in Early Education, Newark, DE.  International Reading Association: 2001

[14] Neuman, Susan B. and David K. Dickinson, ed.  Handbook of Early Literacy Research, Volume 2, New York, NY: 2006

[15] Committee on Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children of the National Research Council, 1998

[16] United Way, “Illiteracy: A National Crisis”

[17] Herrera, Luis.  Toward a Literate Nation, 2004




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